If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The clinical laboratory improvement amendments of 1988 clia are the federal regulations that govern all us laboratory testing used for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of the health of human beings. Is laboratory medicine ready for artificial intelligence. Interpretation of laboratory tests is the property of its rightful owner. Common diagnostic tests normally performed in clinical laboratories july 12, 2018 sir. Who analyzes blood and body fluid samples in a variety of laboratories. See section 6 for more detail about specific analytes. Because the clinical performance characteristics of all laboratory tests differ with respect to their diagnostic accuracy ie, sensitivity and specificity, the selection of the appropriate laboratory test to order will vary depending on the purpose for which the test is to be used.
To request rrtpcr kits, cdcs international reagent resource irr to request 2019ncov grown in cell culture, nihs bei resources repository. Clinical laboratory science medical technology 2 when your doctor orders lab tests do you know who collects and processes your blood sample. A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the. Ideally such tests correctly identify all patients with the disease. Because some of these substances can be detected in body samples such as blood, urine, and tissue, these markers may be used, along with other tests and procedures, to help detect and diagnose some types of cancer, predict and monitor a persons. The most frequently used tests such as complete blood count cbc, electrolytes and blood chemistries, and urinalysis ua are provided first, followed by other clinical and diagnostic tests grouped by disease state or body system. Clinical chemistry personalized laboratory solutions. Ppt interpretation of laboratory tests powerpoint presentation.
This chapter is designed to provide an overview of common laboratory tests used in clinical practice. Clinical performance characteristics of laboratory tests. The tests in a clinical chemistry laboratory measure concentrations of biologically important ions salts and minerals, small organic molecules and large macromolecules primarily proteins. May 09, 2020 cdc 2019ncov realtime rtpcr diagnostic panel instructions for use. Interpretation of laboratory thyroid function tests. Common laboratory tests powerpoint ppt presentation. Description of laboratory tests and clinical procedures performed during preplacement evaluations oak ridge national laboratory during your medical evaluation, you will undergo a variety of tests and procedures to generate information for the clinician to use in evaluating your health status. The reason why this simple calculator made of beads and wires is often called the precursor to the modern computer is because the principleperforming repeated calculations faster than the human brainis the same. In recognition of the 300,000 medical laboratory professionals across the country who perform and interpret more than 10 billion laboratory tests annually, the american clinical laboratory association acla today joined the american society for clinical pathology in celebrating medical lab professionals week, held april 2026, 2014. Clinical laboratories represent an area of healthcare that has always undergone major changes because of technological advances and external economic pressures. The pointofcare laboratory in clinical microbiology. Clinical chemistry is the branch of laboratory medicine that focuses primarily on molecules. Associate professor of pathology powerpoint ppt presentation free to view. The history of the laboratory is the story of medicines evolution from empirical to experimental techniques and proves that the clinical lab is the true source of medical authority.
Pointofcare poc laboratories that deliver rapid diagnoses of infectious diseases were invented to balance the centralization of core laboratories. A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where clinical pathology tests are carried out on clinical specimens to obtain information about the health of a patient to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. To provide information about the stage of a cancer that is, its severity. Back to for health professionals lab tests online is produced by the american association for clinical chemistry aacc, a global scientific and medical professional organization dedicated to provide vital insight and guidance so patients get the care they need. Laboratory medicine clinical pathology is the medical discipline that specializes in the performance, reporting and interpretation of clinical laboratory tests in the provision of high quality patient care who is laboratory medicine comprised of pathologists, doctorallevel laboratory scientists, technologists, and technicians the. Treatment is usually specific and the prognosis can range. Test significance 1 semi solid is normal watery stool chances of infection 2 brownish colour normal due to diet and drug colour may change 3 putrefactive action of bacteria leads to an odour very foul odour is present in ulceration, malignant lesion is in rectum 4 very small amount of mucous in normal large amount of mucous in dysentery, colitis, amoebiasis 5. Laboratory medicine clinical pathology is the medical discipline that specializes in the performance, reporting and interpretation of clinical laboratory tests in the provision of high quality patient care who is laboratory medicine comprised of pathologists, doctorallevel laboratory scientists, technologists, and technicians the laboratory medicine workforce has a vital role in the health care system managing and applying evidencebased, scientific testing techniques to support. Poc laboratories operate 24 h a day and 7 days a week to provide diagnoses within 2 h, largely based on immunochromatography and realtime pcr tests. Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes. A laboratory test is a procedure in which a sample of blood, urine, other bodily fluid, or tissue is examined to get information about a persons health. They are independent of the population of interest subjected to the test. A urinalysis ua is one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. Interpretation of clinical laboratory tests date dka.
Clinical chemistry laboratory automation in the 21st century. Week 2, fa20 bastyr university naturopathic clinical laboratory diagnosis portion of lecture course based on article referenced below reference. A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory part 1ancient times through the 19th century by darlene berger, former mloeditor 19982000. Free laboratory powerpoint templates free science research powerpoint template chemistry labs showing the test tubes and other chemical reactions showing the chemistry of salts or samples have a professional look for the presentations on laboratory, chemical reactions, bio labs, and biochemistry labs. Cool new presentation with medical female researcher using her.
Chemistry most automated area of the lab tests performed on serum, plasma, urine and other body fluids. Introduction to the clinical microbiology laboratory. Treatment is usually specific and the prognosis can range from good to grave, depending on the specific cause. Slide deck enhanced with working with liquids in laboratory. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. Understanding laboratory tests fact sheet national. Bacon experiments with optics, probably produces first microscope. Clinical laboratories, where tests are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, are facing numerous challenging trends as healthcare reform continues to evolve. The most frequently used tests such as complete blood count cbc, electrolytes and blood chemistries, and urinalysis ua are provided first, followed by other clinical. Instruments the poc must contain a hood for handling class 2 clinical samples, storage at room temperature controlled at 20c 2c, a refrigerator for storage at 4c 1c, a computer connected to the core laboratory, an automatic cell counter for the diagnosis of meningitis, a reader for immunochromatographic tests optional, a.
The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physicianadvanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. Interpretation of laboratory tests powerpoint ppt presentation. Medical laboratory professionals a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Laboratory evaluation of kidney function sarah hackenmueller, phd clinical chemistry fellow may, 20. Conducting a swot analysis can show you how wellpositioned your lab is in the current landscape, as well as provide you with the data that you need to come up with the strategic. Some laboratory tests provide precise and reliable information about specific health problems. Content outline introduction to clinical laboratory. Learn more about aacc and its community of laboratory and medical professionals. This document, developed by experts in laboratory and adult and pediatric clinical medicine, provides information on which tests are. When evaluating a clinical test, the terms sensitivity and specificity are used. Medical laboratory sciences clinical practicum handbook. Because of the limited specimen size seen with scrapings and biopsies, the laboratory and ophthalmologist may agree to inoculate these specimens onto media and prepare smears at the bedside. The protecting access to medicare act pama of 2014.
Asclsmissouri asclsmo is a constituent society of the american society for clinical laboratory science. Clinical chemistry laboratory automation in the 21st. Understanding laboratory tests fact sheet national cancer. Interpretation of clinical laboratory test slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Laboratory tests are used in cancer medicine in many ways. Clinical laboratory trends archives the dark intelligence group. Laboratory powerpoint templates w laboratorythemed. A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for. Lab tests online is an awardwinning aacc resource that helps patients to better understand the many clinical laboratory tests that play a critical role in diagnosing, monitoring, and treating a broad range of conditions, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and infectious diseases. Both epidemiology and clinical presentation are used to narrow the organisms sought and the laboratory tests requested. Clinical medical laboratories are an example of applied science, as opposed to research laboratories that focus on basic science, such as found in some. Because some of these substances can be detected in body samples such as blood, urine, and tissue, these markers may be used, along with other tests and procedures, to help detect and diagnose some types of cancer, predict and monitor a. In the 1956, leonard skeggs developed the first practical and completely automated system for measuring urea, glucose, and calcium, the autoanalyzer, an instrument designed to meet the specific needs of the clinical chemistry laboratory. What are falsepositive and falsenegative test results.
The laboratory industry is a part of the broader healthcare and health technology industry. Introduction to the principles of laboratory medicine. In our experience, these tests are conveniently combined into syndromebased kits that. Doctors pick unnecessary tests or miss the necessary ones dozens of approaches emerge for diagnosis of the same condition some better than others the correct diagnosis may be achievable promptly, but it is missed or very commonly delayed, with adverse clinical consequences to the patient andor adverse financial consequences to the institution. Interpretation of clinical laboratory test slideshare. The clinical laboratory environment comes with its own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Contact information box 8111 neurology 660 south euclid avenue st. Asclsmo american society for clinical laboratory science. Many clinical tests are used to confirm or refute the presence of a disease or further the diagnostic process. Clinical laboratory technicians medical laboratory technicians clinical laboratory. The purpose of quality control is to prevent accidents in the laboratory.
Tumor markers are substances, often proteins, that are produced by the cancer tissue itself or sometimes by the body in response to cancer growth. Companies exist at various levels, including clinical laboratory services, suppliers of instrumentation equipment and consumable materials, and suppliers and developers of diagnostic tests themselves often by biotechnology companies. Information about covid19 diagnostic tests under fda emergency use authorization. Other tests are urine culture a microbiological culture of urine and urine electrolyte levels. Advising clinicians on laboratory test selection and results. Interpretation of clinical laboratory test authorstream presentation. Interpretation of clinical laboratory test authorstream. Aug 01, 2017 some say that the invention of the abacus more than 2,500 years ago was the first step on the long road to artificial intelligence ai. Ppt common laboratory tests powerpoint presentation. Advising clinicians on laboratory test selection and. Other tests provide more general information that helps doctors identify or rule out possible health problems. The following terms are fundamental to understanding the utility of clinical tests. In the united states there are between 7 and 10 billion laboratory tests reported annually.